(Leonardo da Vinci's Profilo di capitano antico)
The US has been using military contractors in all its wars since the Revolution for low level unarmed support operations. In World War II, for example, 12 percent of the total force was made up of civilian contractors (at the time doing support jobs only). During the Iraq War, they comprised about 15 percent of the total military presence, but they got into the news because for the first time they were given jobs that were formerly relegated exclusively to armed soldiers. This caused the to be involved in several embarrassing shooting incidents; not only embarrasing because of who they killed, but because the incidents revealed that they were not under any sort of military or legal discipline.
By 2011, the use of military contractors has risen to 50 percent. Today, in Afghanistan, the percentage is 75 percent. The cost for all military contractors in the 2014 fiscal year was $285 billion.
We are going down a rabbit hole here that most people don't know much about. How deep is the hole? Pretty damn deep.
As I looked into this, I found the situation to much more complicated than I expected. So I am going to start with a series of bullet points to lay out the land before I talk about issues:
- In Afghanistan, only 33 percent of military contractors are US citizens.
- The relative costs for using contractors over military personnel was calculated by the CBO as roughly equivalent.
- However, within the military contracting world, there is a very broad spread between wages, not just for jobs, but on the basis of citizenship. And the benefits for a contractor killed or wounded in action are much better than for those of a US soldier.
- Armed contractors (or contractors of any sort) do not have to be reported as part of any military build up. Nor are they considered part of any "troop cap". (We allowed to have a maximum of 4,647 troops in Iraq today, which we do. We also have 4,970 mercenaries. They are not counted).
- Reports on mercenary activities, since they come from private companies, are considered proprietary information and therefore are not subject to the Freedom of Information Act.
- Military contractors can themselves subcontract without having to get any prior permission or vetting from the US government. This has led to some corruption and nasty scandals.
- The Obama government, in moving away from the Bush administration's "send in the Marines" philosophy of military intervention, and has instead been flying under the radar by using contractors and not telling us.
I suppose the bullet points are self-explanatory. If mercenaries are not cheaper than regular military, then they are being used for political reasons. They are being used to avoid shedding the blood of citizens (the death rate for mercenaries is now higher than that for US combat troops). While we do not want to see the blood of our soldiers shed at all, this means that the government can now engage in military adventures without the public weighing in on whether the adventure is worth the risk - since from our new view as hiring managers, the risks are only financial. Hiring mercenaries who are not under military or civil law means that they can do things that our troops would never be allowed to do, yet America will still be held responsible. But most of all, we the people no longer know where our armies are.
Think about that.
